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Nokota Horse History
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Lewis and Clark described the Northern horses as “of excellent race, lofty, elegantly formed, active and durable.” They also described them as solid-colored with white markings or as roan and equal in performance to any horse in the country…
THE EARLIEST HORSES to occupy the Northern Plains, which included the vast grasslands of North Dakota, were Indian horses. It is believed the original horses of the Northern Plains were predominantly of Spanish descent with two principal strains imported to the New World: the Moorish Barb and the Spanish Andalusian, both of which were developed as war and buffalo horses on the Northern Plains.
The Lakota or Sioux claimed to have horses before the arrival of the Spanish. In general, the horse of the Northern Plains possessed hardiness, speed, and endurance. They were thought to be “larger and of better quality owing to the superior range as well as practice of some tribes to breed selectively.” (Dobie, 1952).
The horses that once roamed the Northern Plains definitely had a role in the history of this area. After the Battle of the Little Big Horn or Custer’s Last Stand, Sitting Bull, a Sioux Medicine Man, and some of his sub-chiefs fled into Canada. Years later, upon his surrender to the U.S. Army in 1881 at Ft. Buford, North Dakota, their horses were confiscated and sold to post traders Leighton, Jordan and Hedderick. They in turn sold 250 head, including all the mares to the French nobleman, the Marquis DeMores, who was the founder of the town of Medora, gateway to what is now Theodore Roosevelt National Park (TRNP), located in southwestern North Dakota.
The Marquis DeMores, who had intended raising the Sioux horses on a large scale, ran his horses at large in the area that is now TRNP. The Marquis left Medora in 1889, and died in 1896. After his death, his foreman John Goodall rounded up what horses he could and sold them. He didn’t catch them all and since then a part of the DeMores ranch, now TRNP has been known as wild horse country.
The establishment of TRNP resulted in fencing the boundaries. As the fence along the northern boundary of the park was being built, some of the local ranchers attempted to eliminate the wild horses. However, one band continued to roam free as the fence was completed, closing them within the park boundaries.
In 1987, the Theodore Roosevelt Nature and History Association funded a historical study of the horses of TRNP. This study, by Castle McLaughlin, was the first attempt to discover the history of the park horses. Excerpts within this article are condensed from that study, The History and Status of the Wild Horses of the Theodore Roosevelt National Park, prepared by McLaughlin.
The Nokotas have large, kind eyes, broad foreheads, and thick, long manes and tails. They possess keen intelligence and a calm but curious disposition. Their heads are straight or slightly concave in profile. The Nokota stands 14.2 to 17 hands. They are large-boned with thick hoof walls.
The color of the Nokota as described by many who saw the horses in the late 1800s is still the same. Blue and red roans, grays and blacks are most common. Blood bays and overos are also a part of the color pattern. Some have blue eyes -- many still have bald faces.
The Nokota horse is “very distinctive in appearance” wrote Dr. Phillip Sponenburg, DVM, PhD Professor, Pathology and Genetics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia. “These horses have an illustrious past and deserve a secure future.”
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